7 Most Commonly Used Technical Analysis Indicators in the Stock Market

Indicators are used as a measure to gain further insight into to the supply and demand of securities within technical analysis. Those indicators (such as volume) confirm price movement, and the probability that the move will continue. The Indicators can also be used as a basis for stock trading, as they can create buy-and-sell signals.

1. On-Balance Volume

The on-balance volume indicator (OBV) is used to measure the positive(+) and negative(-) flow of volume in a security, relative to its price over time. It is a simple measure that keeps a cumulative total of volume by adding or subtracting each period's volume, depending on the price movement. This measure expands on the basic volume measure by combining volume and price movement. The idea behind this indicator is that volume precedes price movement, so if a security is seeing an increasing OBV, it is a signal that volume is increasing on upward price moves. Decreases mean that the security is seeing increasing volume on down days.

2. Accumulation/Distribution Line

One of the most commonly used indicators to determine the money flow of a security is the accumulation/distribution line (A/D line). It is similar to on-balance volume indicator but, instead of only considering the closing price of the security for the period, it also takes into account the trading range for the period. This is thought to give a more accurate picture of money flow than of balance volume. The line trending up is a signal of increasing buying pressure, as the stock is closing above the halfway point of the range. The line is trending downward is a signal of increasing selling pressure in the security.

3. Average Directional Index

The average directional index (ADX) is a trend indicator used to measure the strength and momentum of an existing trend. This indicator's main focus is not on the direction of the trend, but with the momentum. When the ADX is above 40, the trend is considered to have a lot of directional strength - either up or down, depending on the current direction of the trend. Extreme readings to the upside are considered to be quite rare compared to low readings. When the ADX indicator is below 20, the trend is considered to be weak or non-trending.

4. Aroon Indicator

The Aroon is a technical indicator used to measure if a security is in a trend, and the magnitude of that trend. The indicator can also be used to identify when a new trend is set to begin. The indicator is comprised of two lines: an Aroon-up line and an Aroon-down line. A security is considered to be in an uptrend when the Aroon-up line is above 70, along with being above the Aroon-down line. The security is in a downtrend when the Aroon-down line is above 70 and also above the Aroon-up line.

5. MACD

The moving average convergence divergence (MACD) is one of the most well-known and used indicators in technical analysis. It is used to signal both the trend and momentum behind a security. The indicator is comprised of two exponential moving averages (EMA), covering two different time periods, which help to measure momentum in the security. The idea behind this momentum indicator is to measure short-term momentum compared to long-term momentum to help determine the future direction of the asset. The MACD is simply the difference between these two moving averages, which (in practice) are generally a 12-period and 26-period EMA.

6. Relative Strength Index

The relative strength index (RSI) is used to signal overbought and oversold conditions in a security. The indicator is plotted between a range of zero-100, where 100 is the highest overbought condition and zero is the highest oversold condition. The RSI helps to measure the strength of a security's recent up moves, compared to the strength of its recent down moves. This helps to indicate whether a security has seen more buying or selling pressure over the trading period.

7. Stochastic Oscillator

The stochastic oscillator is another well-known momentum indicator used in technical analysis. In an upward trend, the price should be closing near the highs of the trading range. In a downward trend, the price should be closing near the lows of the trading range. When this occurs, it signals continued momentum and strength in the direction of the prevailing trend. The stochastic oscillator is plotted within a range of zero-100, and signals overbought conditions above 80 and oversold conditions below 20.

Final Thought:

Indicators are very useful when it comes on making decisions on the stock market. It gives us hint on the buying and selling signals. MACD is my favorite indicator which is also most widely used indicator. MACD is an uptrend line when the green line or short term line crosses above the red line or long term line. Likewise, MACD is downtrend line when the green line or short term line crosses below the red line or long term line. 

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